Visualisation from OpenStreetMap data, neither a photograph nor a project. Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Buildings are raised to tagged heights, domes and spires follow roof shapes; what the data lacks is absent here too. Scene passport

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Assembled in minutes

Everything in the frame is from OpenStreetMap: 5,472 outlines, 4,227 with height, 2,982 with roof shape. Not a single line is hand-drawn; the script builds the model from the extract in seconds.

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Why the Kremlin

The most thoroughly mapped place in the country: towers described tier by tier with heights from and to, domes given a shape. This is the ceiling of what open data gives today.

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What the data lacks

The Manezhnaya renovation with its planted beds, underground volumes, terrain. The twin shows the state on the extract date, not what has been promised.

DIGITALTWIN

The Kremlin and Manezhnaya Square assembled from open data

Everything in the frames on this page was built by a script from OpenStreetMap without a single hand-drawn line: 5,472 outlines of buildings and their parts, 4,227 of them with height, 2,956 with facade colour and 2,982 with roof shape; 1,918 trees, 1,631 of them with species; 4,629 road segments. Extract of 6 September 2026.

The Kremlin was not chosen for beauty. It is the most thoroughly mapped place in the country: towers are described tier by tier with heights from and to, domes have shapes, facades have colours. The twin shows the ceiling of what open data gives today, and by contrast how little of it a typical quarter has, where the same task stands.

What comes from the data and what it lacks

Taken from the data, verifiable

  • Building outlines and heights: the height tag, otherwise the number of floors, otherwise a default by building type; which rule applied is recorded in the passport.
  • Facade colours from building:colour; parts without a colour inherit their building's.
  • Tented and pyramidal roofs, domes and onion domes from roof:shape and roof:height; gold only on churches.
  • Trees as natural=tree points with coordinates; green and water areas; roads with widths by class.
  • The Kremlin wall as building=wall polygons with heights per section; the Kitay-gorod wall as a line at a default 6 m.

Absent from the data, absent from the twin

  • The Manezhnaya renovation project with planted beds and glass domes: it is not on the map, and the twin does not invent it.
  • Underground volumes: Okhotny Ryad is tagged underground and is not shown on the surface.
  • People, cars, signs, stone texture: the scene shows volumes, not life.
  • Terrain: the site is taken as flat; the drop to the embankment was not modelled.
  • Details under a square metre: 1,350 kokoshniks and pinnacles are skipped; they exist in the data but do not read in the frame.

Visualisation from OpenStreetMap data, neither a photograph nor a project. Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Buildings are raised to tagged heights, domes and spires follow roof shapes; what the data lacks is absent here too. Scene passport

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Manezhnaya Square

The view from the National hotel across the Alexander Garden: the Corner Arsenal and Trinity towers stand where the coordinates put them, at their tagged heights.

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Trees from the data

Every tree in the frame exists in OpenStreetMap as a point, most with a species. The canopy here is schematic: the data does not describe shape or size.

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Exactly what is known

The planted beds and glass domes of the renovation project are not mapped, so they are not here. Once they appear on the map they appear in the twin, with no change to the script.

Why the project needs this

Open planning rests on quantities that can be computed from open data and checked by an outsider. The twin is the same idea taken to a picture: if the height of a tower is in the tags, it is in the model; if a flower bed is not in the data, it is not in the frame. That makes the image an argument rather than an illustration.

The same script that assembled the Kremlin would assemble a typical quarter as boxes without colour or roofs: there the buildings have at best a floor count. The gap between those two pictures is the register of what is digitised and what is not.

Modular-home village: a twin built from a site video

The second scene of the section is a village of single-storey modular houses near Moscow. The source here is not a map but twelve minutes of video from the site: steel-frame houses with flat roofs, dark sandwich panels and timber cladding, panoramic glazing, covered terraces with black railings, thuja hedges, paving and the gravel of an unfinished construction site.

From the video two house types were reconstructed (6×12 and 9×12 m) with a layout: entry hall with a wardrobe, corridor, kitchen-living room with a glass wall to the terrace, bedroom, bathroom, utility room. Doors are open; you can walk in, both in the clip and in VR. The plot layout is typical (a loop road, 20×30 m plots, a gatehouse) and will be replaced by the real plan once the address is known.

A visualisation, not a photograph. House typology from a site video; plot layout typical until tied to the cadastral plan. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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The street

A paved drive, clipped thuja hedges, dark facades with a timber panel at the entrance. The drive is 6 m wide, plots are 600 m², houses sit 6 m back from the street.

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Taken from the video

Module proportions 3×12 m, floor 0.45 m above ground on a steel frame, flat roof with parapet, panoramic glazing of the living room, a covered 3×6 m terrace with horizontal railing slats.

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What the twin lacks

The real plot plan and terrain, utilities, finishes per project. These come from the master plan and house designs the developer hands over; then the typical layout is replaced by the real one.

A visualisation, not a photograph. House typology from a site video; plot layout typical until tied to the cadastral plan. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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Entrance

A porch with two steps, the front door open. Behind it an entry hall with a wardrobe and a bench, then a 1.6 m corridor with doors to the bedroom, the bathroom and the utility room; the doors stand ajar.

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Kitchen-living room

A kitchen run along the end wall with built-in appliances, a dining table by the glazing, a sofa group with a rug, coffee table, armchair and ottoman, a TV cabinet, pictures and books, a full-width glass wall with a sliding door to the terrace with an outdoor set. Exactly as in the video: a through living room lit from both sides.

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Terrace

Decking under the shared roof on posts, black slat railing, a step down to the lawn and a young tree in the yard. Beyond it the yard and the neighbour’s hedge.

A visualisation, not a photograph. House typology from a site video; plot layout typical until tied to the cadastral plan. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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Down to the fork

A detail check at the smallest scale: the dining table in the show house. Every place is laid: a plate with a napkin, fork on the left, knife and spoon on the right, a cup on its saucer and a glass; in the middle a teapot with a sugar bowl, a jug, a bowl with an apple and a lemon. Plates, cups, teapot, knives, chairs and the rest of the furniture are free Poly Haven models (CC0); the table, forks, spoons, glasses and napkins are built procedurally because the library has no such models.

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How things sit

Each place is laid out from its own chair: the plate 17 cm from the edge, cutlery spaced 4–5 cm apart, the cup front right. Heights come from a ray cast onto the wooden top, so nothing floats or sinks. Furniture sizes come from the models themselves; chairs stand outside the table footprint.

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Light

Sun through the panoramic glazing, Lumen reflections and soft shadows with hardware ray tracing, histogram auto-exposure. The same pipeline as the street: one scene source, one material set.

A second village: two-storey houses and a Zosimova Pustyn street grid

The same house, but on two floors, and a different village around it. The layout is not a loop road but a comb: a spine street and three cross streets 130 m apart, with turning heads at the dead ends and plots on both sides — 22 m of frontage, 60 m deep, 1 320 m² against 600 m² in the first village. Thirty houses: eighteen of 6×12 m and twelve of 9×12 m, that is 144 and 216 m² instead of 72 and 108.

The layout figures come from an OpenStreetMap extract of Zosimova Pustyn (Novofyodorovskoye, New Moscow): a spine street with three parallel side streets 120 and 155 m apart, a median house area of 156 m², a 90th percentile of 263 m² and footprints of roughly 14.5 × 14.8 m — our two-storey modules fall inside that range. The ground floor repeats the single-storey house: entrance hall, corridor, bedroom, bathroom, utility room, kitchen-living room with a terrace. Above it a slab with an opening, a straight flight in the living room, and on the upper floor a hall, two bedrooms, a bathroom and a balcony over the terrace.

A visualisation, not a photograph. The building geometry is ours, from the site video; only the village layout figures come from OpenStreetMap — © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. This is not a twin of any actual buildings in Zosimova Pustyn. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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A comb instead of a loop

A spine street with a gatehouse at the entrance, three cross streets 130 m apart, turning heads at the dead ends. Plots run across the street: 22 m of frontage, 60 m deep, the house set back 8 m from the roadway. The scheme gives twice the land per house for the same length of road.

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The upper floor

A 0.25 m slab with an opening for the stair, an upper floor of the same 3 m height, a parapet roof on top. The balcony sits directly over the covered terrace and rests on the same posts. Upper-floor windows keep the rhythm of the lower ones, so the facade reads as one volume rather than an addition.

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What the twin does not show

The real plot plan, terrain and utilities. Open data supplied only the reference layout dimensions; the building geometry is ours. The typical scheme will be replaced by the real one as soon as the developer hands over a master plan.

A visualisation, not a photograph. The building geometry is ours, from the site video; only the village layout figures come from OpenStreetMap — © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. This is not a twin of any actual buildings in Zosimova Pustyn. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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From the gate to the stair

The camera walks the path, climbs the porch and enters through the open door: an entrance hall with a bench and wardrobe, a 1.6 m corridor with doors ajar to the bedroom, bathroom and utility room, a wide opening into the kitchen-living room. The route is set out along the centre lines of the openings and checked with rays before rendering — nowhere is the clearance to the nearest surface less than 0.3 m.

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The flight in the living room

A straight flight along the south wall: sixteen steps, rising 3.25 m over 4.8 m — a 34° pitch. An open side with a stringer and handrail, an opening in the slab above, a guard rail around it upstairs. The stair stands in the living room volume rather than a separate shaft: from below you see the upper floor, from above the dining table.

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Hall, bedroom, balcony

Upstairs a 2.4 m hall runs along the south wall, with doors to two bedrooms and a bathroom. Through the bedroom, out onto the balcony above the terrace: decking, a three-rail balustrade, a view of the plot, the street and the tree belt. It is the same house as in the first village, simply with a floor on top.

A visualisation, not a photograph. The building geometry is ours, from the site video; only the village layout figures come from OpenStreetMap — © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. This is not a twin of any actual buildings in Zosimova Pustyn. Rendered in Unreal Engine 5.8. Scene passport

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The table under the stair

The dining group stands by the kitchen run and the picture window, with the open flight behind it. The place settings are the same as in the first village: plate with a napkin, fork on the left, knife and spoon on the right, cup on a saucer; in the middle a teapot, sugar bowl, jug and a bowl of fruit.

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Why the orbit is partial

The camera arc runs not around the table but through the sector between the dining group and the flight: the stair is now on the south side of the table, and a full circle would take the camera inside the steps. The sector limits were computed from the plan, not eyeballed.

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Light

Morning sun through the full-height glazing, Lumen reflections and soft shadows with hardware ray tracing, local exposure driven by the histogram. The same pipeline as for the street: one scene source, one set of materials.

Visualisation from OpenStreetMap data, neither a photograph nor a project. Data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Buildings are raised to tagged heights, domes and spires follow roof shapes; what the data lacks is absent here too. Scene passport

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Red Square

From the Historical Museum to the Spasskaya Tower between the Kremlin wall and GUM. The width of the square and the position of the facades come from the outlines, not from framing.

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The tiers of Spasskaya

The tower is assembled from a dozen parts with heights from 14 to 71 metres and a tented roof on top. The outline as a whole is not drawn: its parts replace it, as OpenStreetMap intends.

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A cathedral of onion domes

St Basil's: domes from roof:shape=onion, gold only where there is a church. Facade colours from the tags; where there are none, light grey, so that a guess is not passed off as data.

A settlement you can walk through

An interactive digital twin of the “Istra Copses” settlement with 250 houses. It opens in the browser on a computer or phone, with no software to install and no graphics server — the scene is drawn on the visitor’s device.

  • A first-person walk through the streets: house walls cannot be walked through, the view is at human eye level.
  • Time of day with lit windows, and three seasons — summer, autumn, winter.
  • Choose a house by status, number of floors and area; statuses above the houses and on the mini-map.
  • A house card, a view from the facade at window height, a walk inside with rooms and dimensions, and a viewing history kept only in your browser.

The settlement is fictional; statuses and prices are for demonstration. The model is an author’s dimensional concept, not a design. The interface is in Russian.

Hydro facilities in 3D

Our own models of a small and a containerised hydro plant, a water intake and a digital control room. Each can be explored outside and inside, down to individual components, and downloaded. These are demonstration layouts: an accurate twin of a specific plant needs its drawings and equipment passports.

Original 3D concept

Small hydropower plants

A horizontal Francis unit with a spiral casing, guide vane mechanism, shaft, coupling and generator on a common frame. M8 and M16 fastener assemblies can be inspected close up.

Open object

Original 3D concept

Containerised mini-hydro

A horizontal hydro unit in a modular plant: turbine, generator, valves and a control cabinet inside a container housing. The installation geometry is our demonstration layout, not the factory dimensions of any product.

Open object

Original 3D concept

Waterworks and intakes

An intake area, screens, regulating gates, lifting mechanisms and a service bridge.

Open object

Original 3D concept

Digital hydropower control

A control room, operator stations and automation cabinets. Interfaces are conceptual and are not connected to an operating plant.

Open object

How to verify

The scene passport lists the source, the extract date, the bounding box, the number of objects of each type and the construction rules. The scene is deterministic: the same script on the same extract gives the same frames. The data can be compared with the OpenStreetMap map building by building.

Data: OpenStreetMap, © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0. Render: gosplan2.ru, Unreal Engine 5.8 (Lumen, hardware ray tracing), geometry built from OSM in Blender; PBR textures by ambientCG (CC0). Windows follow a typical rhythm from tagged storey counts, not a survey. A visualisation, not a photograph.

Walk the square yourself

The same OpenStreetMap model opens in the browser as a free walk: you start on Red Square at eye level and go wherever you like. In a VR headset the walk is at full scale; on a computer or phone it is driven by keyboard or touch.

  • Headset (Meta Quest, Pico, Vive or any WebXR device): open the link in the headset browser and press “Enter VR”. Left stick walks, right stick turns.
  • Computer: click the scene to capture the mouse, W A S D to walk, Shift to run, Esc to release the mouse.
  • Phone: drag to look around, a second finger on the screen walks forward.

The third scene is a village of single-storey modular houses near Moscow, built from a site video: 29 houses of two types (6×12 and 9×12 m), covered terraces, hedges, a gatehouse. Doors are open: walk into the hall, the kitchen-living room with its glass wall, bedrooms, bathroom and utility room. The plot layout is typical until it is tied to the cadastral plan.

A fourth scene — the second village: thirty two-storey houses and a comb layout modelled on Zosimova Pustyn, with plots of 1 320 m². The stair inside the show house works: you can climb to the upper hall, step into the bedrooms and bathroom and come out onto the balcony above the terrace.

The model is about 19 MB and loads once. Visualisation from OpenStreetMap data, © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL; not a photograph. Materials and trees are schematic; the clips on this page are rendered in Unreal Engine.